Compose vs. comprise
Parts compose the whole. The whole comprises the parts. Nothing is comprised of anything—though such constructions are widely used and must be accepted.
Invoke vs. Evoke – What’s the Difference?
To evoke is (1) to summon or call forth, (2) to call to mind, and (3) to call up a memory from the past. To invoke is, primarily, to call upon something, especially aid, assistance, or a higher power.
Trawl vs. troll
Trawl: to catch fish with a large net. Troll: to fish by trailing a line behind a boat.
Preventative vs. preventive
The shorter form is preferred, but the longer one is an accepted variant.
Obsolescent vs. obsolete
Obsolete: out of date or no longer in general use. Obsolescent: becoming obsolete.
Chasten vs. chastise
Chastisement is harsher and often involves physical punishment. Chastening is gentler.
Lightening vs. lightning
Lightening: the present participle of lighten. Lightning: an abrupt electrical discharge in the atmosphere.