Some verbs do not end in -d or -ed for their past form. They are called irregular verbs, and there’s no other way to learn them than to memorize the words. Or consult a handy list!
Check out this list of irregular verbs I made to help you form grammatically correct sentences. This list contains base forms, simple past tense, and past participle forms of verbs.
What are Irregular Verbs?
Irregular verbs are ones that don’t actually follow the typical pattern for simple past tense and past participle form. All the irregular verbs do not end in -d or -ed when used in their past or past participle form. Instead, there is a change in spelling, or the root verb does not change at all.
English Irregular Verb list
Below is my list of common irregular verbs used in the English language. Save it to your computer or print off a copy to refer back to when you need it.
| Root Verb | Simple Past Tense | Past Participle Form |
| Be | Was | Been |
| Do | Did | Done |
| Have | Had | Had |
| Say | Said | Said |
| Go | Went | Gone |
| Take | Took | Taken |
| See | Saw | Seen |
| Come | Came | Came |
| Get | Got | Gotten |
| Give | Gave | Given |
By learning the irregular verbs above, you’ll be more familiar with the rest of English irregular verbs.
| Root Verb | Simple Past Tense | Past Participle Form |
| Abide | Abode | Abode |
| Arise | Arose | Arisen |
| Awake | Awoke | Awoken |
| Bear | Bear | Borne/Born |
| Beat | Beat | Beaten |
| Become | Became | Become |
| Beget | Begat/Begot | Begotten |
| Begin | Began | Begun |
| Bet | Bet | Bet |
| Bid | Bid/Bad | Bid/Bidden |
| Bit | Bit | Bitten |
| Blow | Blew | Blown |
| Break | Broke | Broken |
| Bring | Brought | Brought |
| Buy | Bought | Bought |
| Broadcast | Broadcast | Broadcast |
| Build | Built | Built |
| Burn | Burned/Burnt | Burned/Burnt |
| Burst | Burst | Burst |
| Can | Could | Could |
| Cast | Cast | Cast |
| Catch | Caught | Caught |
| Choose | Chose | Chosen |
| Cling | Clung | Clung |
| Clothe | Clad/Clothed | Clad/clothed |
| Cost | Cost | Cost |
| Creep | Crept | Crept |
| Cut | Cut | Cut |
| Deal | Dealt | Dealt |
| Dig | Dug | Dug |
| Draw | Drew | Drawn |
| Dream | Dreamed/Dreamt | Dreamed/Dreamt |
| Drink | Drank | Drunk |
| Drive | Drove | Driven |
| Dwell | Dwelt | Dwelt/Dwelled |
| Eat | Ate | Eaten |
| Fall | Fell | Fallen |
| Feed | Fed | Fed |
| Feel | Felt | Felt |
| Fight | Fought | Fought |
| Find | Found | Found |
| Flee | Fled | Fled |
| Fly | Flew | Flown |
| Fling | Flung | Flung |
| Forbid | Forbade | Forbidden |
| Forget | Forgot | Forgotten |
| Forsake | Forsook | Forsaken |
| Get | Got | Gotten |
| Give | Gave | Given |
| Grind | Ground | Ground |
| Grow | Grew | Grown |
| Hang | Hung | Hung |
| Hit | Hit | Hit |
| Hold | Held | Held |
| Hurt | Hurt | Hurt |
| Kneel | Knelt/Knelled | Knelt/Kneeled |
| Know | Knew | Known |
| Lay | Laid | Laid |
| Lead | Led | Led |
| Lean | Leant/Leaned | Leant/Leaned |
| Leap | Leaped/Leapt | Leaped/Leapt |
| Leave | Left | Left |
| Lend | Lent | Lent |
| Let | Let | Let |
| Lie | Lay | Lain |
| Lose | Lost | Lost |
| Light | Lit/Lighted | Lit/Lighted |
| Meet | Met | Met |
| Mow | Mowed | Mowed/Mown |
| Offset | Offset | Offset |
| Overcome | Overcame | Overcome |
| Partake | Partook | Partaken |
| Pay | Paid | Paid |
| Plead | Pled/Pleaded | Pled/Pleaded |
| Preset | Preset | Preset |
| Prove | Proved | Proven |
| Put | Put | Put |
| Quit | Quit | Quit |
| Read | Read | Read |
| Relay | Relaid | Relaid |
| Rend | Rent | Rent |
| Rid | Rid | Rid |
| Ride | Rid | Ridden |
| Ring | Rung | Rung |
| Rise | Rose | Risen |
| Run | Ran | Run |
| Seek | Sought | Sought |
| Sell | Sold | Sold |
| Send | Sent | Sent |
| Set | Set | Set |
| Shake | Shook | Shaken |
| Shine | Shone | Shone |
| Shoe | Shod | Shod |
| Show | Showed | Shown |
| Shoot | Shot | Shot |
| Shut | Shut | Shut |
| Sing | Sang | Sung |
| Sink | Sank/Sunk | Sunken |
| Sit | Sat | Sat |
| Slay | Slew | Slain |
| Sleep | Slept | Slept |
| Slide | Slid | Slid |
| Slit | Slit | Slit |
| Smell | Smelt | Smelt |
| Speak | Spoke | Spoken |
| Speed | Sped | Sped |
| Spell | Spelled/Spelt | Spelled/Spelt |
| Spin | Spun | Spunt |
| Split | Split | Split |
| Spoil | Spoilt | Spoilt |
| Spread | Spread | Spread |
| Stand | Stood | Stood |
| Steal | Stole | Stolen |
| Sting | Stung | Stung |
| Strew | Strewed | Strewn/Strewed |
| Strike | Struck | Stricken |
| Strive | Strove | Striven |
| Sweat | Sweat | Sweat |
| Teach | Taught | Taught |
| Tear | Tore | Torn |
| Tell | Told | Told |
| Thrive | Thrived | Thriven/Thrived |
| Throw | Threw | Thrown |
| Thrust | Thrust | Thrust |
| Undergo | Underwent | Undergone |
| Wake | Woke | Woken |
| Weep | Wept | Wept |
| Win | Won | Won |
| Wind | Wound | Wound |
| Withdraw | Withdrew | Withdrawn |
| Wring | Wrung | Wrung |
| Write | Wrote | Written |
Memorize the Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs follow unique patterns for their simple past and past participle forms. I hope my list of irregular verbs helps you find the correct verb to use. Like I said, print it off or save it to your computer.
Remember that some irregular verbs end in -en, while some completely change their spellings. Other irregular verbs stay in their base form.