Usage

Murderers’ row

an exceptionally intimidating group of people or things. It originally described a formidable 1920s New York Yankees lineup.

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Litmus test

In its figurative sense, a litmus test is a test that draws broad conclusions based on a single factor. By extension, the phrase also refers to a single factor that is useful for drawing a broad conclusion.

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Phial vs. vial (vs. vile)

Both refer to small containers for holding liquid. Vial is the more common speling in modern English. Vile is an unrelated word meaning disgusting, contemptible, or immoral.

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Sank vs. sunk

Sank is the past tense. Sunk is the past participle.

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Depository vs. repository

Depository = a place where things are deposited and stored. Repository = a place where things are stored. They essentially the same in their main sense, but in actual usage there are subtle differences.

Snake oil, snake-oil salesman

In modern figurative use, snake oil refers to a fraudulent remedy, especially one promoted and sold by a quack. The quacks who push these products are snake-oil salesmen.

Discomfit vs. discomfort

Discomfit = to throw into confusion, perplex, or embarras. Discomfort = to make uncomfortable. They tend to have much common ground.

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Grateful vs. gratified

To be grateful is to be thankful. To be gratified is to be satisfied or pleased.